Dental Professionals - Summary of Research papers

The following abstracts are from research papers published in Dental Journals or presented at IADR and AADR meetings, ascertaining to the efficacy of the CloSYS II present in RetarDENT* toothpaste and RetarDEX oral rinse and spray.

Management of Periodontitis with Oral Care-Products
Conrad W Chapek, Omer K Reed, Perry A Ratcliff, DDS, Emeritus Professor University of California at San Francisco School of Dentistry. USA.
Published: Compendium Continuing Education Dent, Vol. XV, No 6 740-746, 1994

Results: The formulation of RetarDENT* toothpaste and RetarDEX oral rinse oral care products used twice a day significantly improved periodontal health.

Conclusion: The regimen of using RetarDENT* and RetarDEX oral care products as presented in this study could be an effective aid for the prevention of periodontitis and in the maintenance of recall hygiene patients, including implant patients.

The Relationship Between Oral Malodour, Gingivitis and Periodontitis. A Review.
Perry R Ratcliff and Paul W Johnson, Division of Periodontology, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, university of California, San Francisco, CA.
Published J Periodontol 1999; 70:485-489.

Volatile Sulphur compounds (VSC) are a family of gases which are primarily responsible for halitosis, a condition in which objectionable odours are present in the mouth air. RetarDENT* toothpaste, RetarDEX oral rinse and spray can effectively lower the concentration of VSCs in mouth air thus reducing and eliminating oral malodour/bad breath. Many members of the VSC family are toxic to periodontal tissues (gums) even when present in very low concentrations. Oral care products such as the RetarDEX range, that can demonstrate efficacy at lowering concentrations of VSCs in periodontal pockets may also be significant adjuncts to periodontal therapy as well as prevention of gingival disease (gingivitis).

Efficacy of a chlorine dioxide - containing mouth rinse in oral malodour.
Franceella J, DMD. Senior Director Oral health Research, Gilbert R D. Senior Director Biostatistics, Fernandez P, Clinical Co ordinator Oral health Research, Hendler J, Associate Director, TKl Research Inc. Paramus, New Jersey. Compendium March 2000

Studies have suggested that when chlorine dioxide is contained in a mouth rinse it neutralises volatile sulphur compounds in mouth air.

Results: With the chlorine dioxide mouth rinse, a statistically significant improvement in odour pleasantness, reduction in odour intensity and reduction in oral volatile sulphur compound concentration compared to the negative control distilled water were evident at 2 hours post-rinse and persisted through 8 hours post-rinse.

Conclusion: A one time, 30-second rinse of a chlorine dioxide-containing mouth rinse significantly improves mouth odour pleasantness, reduces mouth odour intensity and reduces volatile sulphur compounds concentrations in mouth air for at least 8 hours.

Odour Reduction Potential of a Chlorine Dioxide containing Mouthrinse.
J Frascella, DMD R Gilbert, PhD P Fernandez, RDH, TKL Research Inc. New Jersey
Published in The Journal of Clinical Dentistry, Volume IX Number 2, 1998

Conclusion: A significant improvement in mouth odour pleasantness compared to the control was evident with the chlorine dioxide mouthwash at the first post-rinsing evaluation (0.5 hours) and persisted through the last post-rinsing evaluation (4 hours). This finding suggests that the chlorine dioxide mouthwash has a rapid onset of action and a lasting effect on oral malodour. It is concluded that a one-time use of a chlorine dioxide containing mouthwash significantly reduces mouth odour unpleasantness and intensity for at least 4 hours.

Reduction of Volatile Sulphur Compounds (VSCs) after using RetarDEX Oral Rinse
Measurements taken using a Halimeter instrument.
Conducted by Analyse Inc; Tempe, Arizona USA March 1992

This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of a Chlorine Dioxide containing mouthwash (RetarDEX oral rinse) in reducing VSC.

Results: Within 15-30 seconds, there is approximately 50% reduction in ‘breath odour’ as a result of rinsing with unflavoured RetarDEX oral rinse. In the absence of eating or smoking, the instrument response appears to decrease further over a five-hour period.

Conclusion: The significant reduction in VSC confirms the efficacy of RetarDEX oral rinse.

Effects of Chlorine Dioxide mouth rinse on oral Streptococci, Lactobacilli and Candida Albican.
D Gill, S Wakefield, A Kersey, K Seymour and E Lynch.
The London Hospital Medical College, London.
Published: J Dent Res. 1996; Vol. 75(5):1187

It has been claimed that Chlorine Dioxide containing mouth rinses have anti-microbial activity without significant local side effects.
Conclusion: From this clinical trial it would appear that RetarDEX oral rinse is capable of reducing salivary mutans streptococci and lactobacilli.

Anti-microbial capacity of a Chlorine Dioxide based toothpaste
P Ratcliff and V Bolin.
Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona USA.
Presented at IADR meeting 1993

Conclusion: The chlorine dioxide toothpaste was an effective germicide against both organisms tested - Actinobacillus actinomycetumcomitans (Aa) and Porphyromonas gingivalis.

Effect on oral malodour of Chlorine Dioxide (ClO2) assessed by a Hedonic panel
J. Frascella, R Gilbert, P Fernandex, J Gordon.
K. TKL Research Inc. Paramus, New Jersey. USA
Presented to an IADR meeting 1998 USA

Results: After completing a 192 hour wash-out period all subjects had used both the chlorine dioxide-containing mouth rinse and the distilled water control mouth rinse. Statistically significant reductions in oral malodour were recorded after volunteers had rinsed with ClO2, but no change was recorded in the control group.

Conclusion: The study demonstrated that a one-time use of chlorine dioxide-containing mouth rinse resulted in statistically significant reductions in mouth odour unpleasantness at all time points through 4 hours post-treatment and in mouth odour intensity at 2 and 4 hours post-treatment.

Relative Dental Abrasion of Dentifrices
Data courtesy of ADA
Conducted by Oral Health Research Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
July 14th 1992

Method: 10 top commercial toothpastes were tested following the ADA standard 100 comparison and scored on a scale of 0-225.

Results: RetarDENT* Toothpaste registered 53, the second lowest of the toothpastes studied.

Conclusion: RetarDENT* Toothpaste has a lower level of abrasivity compared to 9 out of the 10 toothpastes tested.

Germicidal effect of Povidone-Iodide and Chlorine Dioxide ClO2 on Dental Pathogens
PA Ratcliff, V Bolin, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA.
Presented to an AADR meeting 1992
Published: J Dent Res. 1992; 71 Sp. Iss:189

Periodontal diseases are associated with different bacteria.

Conclusion: The high kill ratio of S. mutans suggests the ClO2 containing rinse would be effective in reducing caries. The high kill ratio of Aa. and P. gingivalis suggests that the ClO2 containing rinse is formulated to be an effective control agent for both caries and periodontal disease.

Chlorine Dioxide ClO2 /Phosphate Germicide vs. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) and Prophromonas (P). (Bacteroides) Gingivalis
P A Ratcliff, V Bolin, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona.
Research abstract 669 presented at the AADR Annual meeting in 1992.

Conclusion: We conclude that ClO2/phosphate solutions at 0.1% chlorine dioxide concentration, pH 6.5, was an effective germicide against both organisms tested.

Use of an oxidising agent to destroy amino acids to prevent their use as building blocks for protein
P.A. Ratcliff.
Presented to the IADR meeting Nice, France 1998

Bacteria use amino acids to synthesise proteins. If available amino acids were reduced or eliminated, there should be a reduction in the ability for micro organisms to multiply in body cavities.

Conclusion: In the absence of transaminases a 0.01% solution of chlorine dioxide is a partially effective agent to de-activate all amino acids within 5 minutes using this procedure.